Sport?is a form of physical activity or game. Often competitive and organized,?sports?use, maintain, or improve physical ability and skills.
Sports Meaning and usage
Etymology:
The word “sport” comes from the?Old French?desport?meaning “leisure“, with the oldest definition in English from around 1300 being “anything humans find amusing or entertaining”.
Other meanings include gambling and events staged for the purpose of gambling; hunting; and games and diversions, including ones that require exercise.?Roget’s defines the noun sport as an “activity engaged in for relaxation and amusement” with synonyms including diversion and recreation.
Competition:
There are opposing views on the necessity of?competition?as a defining element of a sport, with almost all?professional sports?involving competition, and governing bodies requiring competition as a prerequisite of recognition by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) or GAISF.
Other bodies advocate widening the definition of sport to include all physical activity. For instance, the?Council of Europe?include all forms of physical exercise, including those competed just for fun.
In order to widen participation, and reduce the impact of losing on less able participants, there has been an introduction of non-competitive physical activity to traditionally competitive events such as school?sports days, although moves like this are often controversial.
Nomenclature:
The singular term is used in most English dialects to describe the overall concept (e.g. “children taking part in sport”), with used to describe multiple activities (e.g. “football and rugby are the most popular sports in England”). American English uses “sports” for both terms.
Definition:
The precise definition of what differentiates a sport from other leisure activities varies between sources.?
The closest to an international agreement on a definition is provided by the?Global Association of International Sports Federations?(GAISF), which is the association for all the largest international federations (including?association football,?athletics,?cycling,?tennis,?equestrian sports, and more), and is therefore the?de facto?representative of international sport.
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History:
Artifacts and structures suggest?sport in China?as early as 2000 BC.?Gymnastics appears to have been popular in China’s ancient past.
Monuments to the?Pharaohs?indicate that a number of sports, including swimming and fishing, were well-developed and regulated several thousands of years ago in?ancient Egypt.?Other Egyptian sprts included javelin throwing, high jump, and wrestling.
?Ancient Persian?sports such as the traditional Iranian martial art of?Zoorkhaneh?had a close connection to warfare skills.Among other sports that originated in ancient Persia are?polo?and?jousting. Various?traditional games of India?such as?Kho kho?and?Kabbadi?have been played for thousands of years. The kabaddi was played potentially as a preparation for hunting.
A wide range of sports were already established by the time of?Ancient Greece?and the military culture and the development of sport in Greece influenced one another considerably. Sport became such a prominent part of their culture that the Greeks created the?Olympic Games, which in ancient times were held every four years in a small village in the?Peloponnesus?called?Olympia.
Sprts have been increasingly organised and regulated from the time of the ancient Olympics up to the present century. Industrialisation has brought motorised transportation and increased?leisure time, letting people attend and follow spectator sports and participate in athletic activities.?
These trends continued with the advent of?mass media?and global communication. Professionalism became prevalent, further adding to the increase in sport’s popularity, as sports fans followed the exploits of professional athletes?– all while enjoying the exercise and competition associated with amateur participation in sports.
Since the turn of the 21st?century, there has been increasing debate about whether?transgender?sprts people should be able to participate in sport events that conform with their post-transition?gender identity.
Sp0rtsmanship:
Sportsmanship is an attitude that strives for fair play, courtesy toward teammates and opponents, ethical behaviour and integrity, and grace in victory or defeat.
Sportsmanship expresses an aspiration or ethos that the activity will be enjoyed for its own sake. The well-known sentiment by sports journalist?Grantland Rice, that it is “not that you won or lost but how you played the game”, and the modern Olympic creed expressed by its founder?Pierre de Coubertin: “The most important thing… is not winning but taking part” are typical expressions of this sentiment.
Cheating:
Key principles of sport include that the result should not be predetermined, and that both sides should have equal opportunity to win. Rules are in place to ensure fair play, but participants can break these rules in order to gain advantage.
Participants may cheat in order to unfairly increase their chance of winning, or in order to achieve other advantages such as financial gains. The widespread existence of?gambling?on the results of sports events creates a motivation for?match fixing, where a participant or participants deliberately work to ensure a given outcome rather than simply playing to win.
Violence:
Violence in sports?involves crossing the line between fair competition and intentional aggressive violence. Athletes, coaches, fans, and parents sometimes unleash violent behaviour on people or property, in misguided shows of loyalty, dominance, anger, or celebration.?Rioting?or?hooliganism?by fans in particular is a problem at some national and international sporting contests.
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Sports and education:
Research suggests that sports have the capacity to connect?youth?to positive adult role models and provide positive development opportunities, as well as promote the learning and application of life?skills.?In recent years the use of sport to reduce?crime, as well as to prevent?violent extremism?and?radicalization, has become more widespread, especially as a tool to improve?self-esteem, enhance social bonds and provide participants with a feeling of purpose.
There is no high-quality evidence that shows the effectiveness of interventions to increase sports participation of the community in sports such as mass media campaigns, educational sessions, and policy changes.?There is also no high-quality studies that investigate the effect of such interventions in promoting healthy behaviour change in the community.?sports is one of the important part of life.
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